A
rat is any of about 56 different species of small, nearly omnivorous
rodents belonging to the genus Rattus. The most
well-known species are the Black Rat Rattus rattus and the Brown
Rat Rattus norvegicus. The group is generally known as the old world
rats or true rats, and originated in Asia.

Rats
are bigger than their relatives the mice, but seldom weigh over
500 grams in the wild. The common term rat is also used in the names
of other small mammals which are not true rats. Examples include
the North American pack rats, a number of species loosely called
kangaroo rats, and a number of others. Other rats such as the Bandicoot
rat Bandicota bengalensis are murine rodents related to the true
rats, but are not members of the genus Rattus. The widely distributed
and problematic commensal species of rats represent a minority in
this diverse genus. Many species of rats are island endemics and
some have become endangered due to habitat loss or competition with
brown, black, or Polynesian rats.
The rat-catcher
is a profession centered around catching rats as a form of pest
control.
While no longer
a profession in developed countries there are still rat-catchers
in India and other developing countries.
Keeping the
rat population under control was practiced in Europe
to prevent the spread of diseases to man, most notoriously the Black
Plague and to prevent damage to food supplies.
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